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Introduction On Data
Reliability		 Analysis
Methodologies		 A Scientific WFM Observatory Explanatory
Hypotheses		 Conclusion

Available Video Footage
 Trollstigen1 Jul 2018
YouTube: adRsfMwpnQk★★☆☆☆
 Queen Valley (AZ)5 Apr 2018
YouTube: 4KeZ7Pzbd9U★★★★☆
 Suchá14 Oct 2017
YouTube: lnIUh2bPxu0★★★★★
 Crucea de Piatră3 Oct 2017
YouTube: P-iFx3VIiQ0★★★★★
 Crucea de Piatră14 Sep 2017
YouTube: mWvP3QG18v0★★★★☆
 Fort St. John (BC)3 Sep 2017
YouTube: d3ajks8OHCo★★★★★
 Weert25 May 2017
YouTube: h0s_P74oQD4★★★★☆
 Port Tabacco (MD)18 Mar 2017
YouTube: 2wII24qSpDw★★★★☆
 Volgograd (VGG)18 Mar 2017
YouTube: _p_inSwZcPQ★★★☆☆
 Charles Town (WV)Feb 2017
YouTube: JJpSYozvasc★★★★☆
 RugeleySummer 2016
YouTube: mgrI0MHZQQc★★★☆☆
 New York City (NY)Jul 2016
YouTube: QGKkhZE2Fk0★★☆☆☆
 Ayden (NC)16 Oct 2016
YouTube: 6BUA6zdbgEE★★★★☆
 Nueva Talcuna24 Mar 2016
YouTube: O9R1wMq0VOI★★☆☆☆
 Maryland Point (MD)12 Dec 2015
YouTube: 9P2A8m7RgnA★★★★★
 Sion13 Nov 2015
YouTube: dNrtU1z_5EQ★★★☆☆
 Westbury26 Sep 2015
YouTube: VjW_QyXtyHA★★★★★

 Sion, 13 Nov 2015


 Abstract  The object seems to be more than seven times faster than the speed of sound. This estimate is not only supported by the covered landmarks on the ground but also by the following fact. The object approaches the camera from a very head-on angle almost along a completely straight trajectory, however, the camera is never able to capture the object without it only appearing smeared in the images due to the camera's insufficiently short shutter time. Since this effect occurs in all frames that show the object, the possible WFM has to move extremely fast. This case is interesting, because it is only hardly feasible to engineer such a fast moving object in the scope of its possible size with known technology or even commonly assumed laws of physics.


Video Info
Source:YouTube.com/watch?v=dNrtU1z_5EQ
User:fabien v 
Published:13 Nov 2015
Resolution:1080p
Frame rate:25fps
Drone model: DJI Phantom 2 with GoPro Hero 4 Black
Files: archived original description and comments on YouTube
Content Info
Viewpoint*: 46.23415, 7.342197goo.gl/maps/XMM9hTZQGVQ2
Time†: 13 Nov 2015 11:30 (Central European Time, UTC+01:00)
Weather: 7°C, 1030hPa, 71% humid., 1.9 km/h wind var.more 
Object Analysis Results
Appears in frames:125 to 132 (00:05:0 to 00:05:280 m:s:ms)
First/last appearance*:(46.233889, 7.353861)  /  (46.233139, 7.344389)
Object's direction:NE to SW
Passed distance:0.788km (98.5m per frame)
Traveling speed:8865km/hReview methodology for this estimate


This video, but not the channel, was deleted by the originator on 22 July 2018. The embedded video is a re-upload by me.

Data Reliability and Quality

The originator's channel has a fistful of uploads and only 12 subscribers as of today (July 2018). The here discussed video is his first upload and the other uploaded and liked videos are not related to UFOs in any way. He uploaded another drone video and four videos of music compilations. His liked videos comprise the topics of video games, football and other entertainment topics. Most of these videos are presented in French, as is the here discussed video that shows a Swiss city in the French speaking area. Overall, as in most other cases of possible WFM footage, his Youtube channel looks like the hobby project of someone who likes to fly a drone for fun. Due to the lack of any other relations to UFOs and an authentic channel page, the reliability of the footage is fairly high, meaning that this is likely not a hoax.

The object can only be seen in eight frames unambiguously, due to fog. However, due to otherwise favorable lighting conditions and a sufficient resolution its shape can to some degree be analysed in these frames.

Smear Effect

The smear effect is consistent with the basic geometry of a fast moving object that approaches the camera. In this case, the smear effect gets very extreme in the last frame (132), which is consistent with the particularly high estimated travel speed. Figure 1 shows enlarged views on the object in all frames in which its outline can be detected (in frame 125 the object can only be determined in direct comparison with earlier and later frames by a pixel-by-pixel comparison).




Fig 1. Closeup views from the last frames in which the object is visible.

If we compare the object's appearance in earlier frames to the one in frame 132 an (even for WFM standards) extremely fast travel speed can be concluded.

Slightly curved, almost Linear Trajectory

The object approaches the drone very fast and the drone only moves very slowly towards the object. Therefore, the entire change of perspective between the first relevant frame (125) and the last one (132) amounts to only three pixels in a period of about 0.32 seconds. Under these circumstances the object's travel path can very well be analyzed based on the video without further stabilization.

As figure 2 shows, the object does not travel in a completely straight line towards the drone, but the radius of its travel curve is extremely large. The precise direction of the curve, how much horizontally snd how much vertically, cannot be determined by the analysis of the video alone. Given the fact that some other cases (e.g. 2wII24qSpDw, JJpSYozvasc, VjW_QyXtyHA) indicate WFMs fly towards drones, including a possible decrease of the WFM's flight altitude (e.g. mWvP3QG18v0), it is more likely that in this case the object approaches the drone from an higher altitude rather than via an horizontal curvature.

However, most importantly, the object's travel path is overall almost perfectly linear.

Fig 2. Analysis of object's travel path.

Speed Estimation

The speed estimation for this case is particularly interesting, because this is a very fast possible WFM. Given the only slightly curved trajectory, I apply the usual assumption of a roughly constant altitude. The analysis shown in figure 3 is further corroborated by the fact that the object cannot be seen very far (780 meters at maximum) in the distance, due to fog/clouds. Furthermore, the smear effect is one of the strongest among the cases of possible WFM despite the use of a rather capable camera model (GoPro Hero 4 Black), which further corroborates the analysis result of a speed around 8800 km/h. Overall, all analyzable aspects of the footage point to an object moving at this high speed.

Fig 3. Estimation of object's traveled distance

Weather Conditions

The humid and cold weather make the occurrence of hail not unlikely. However, the object's extreme travel speed and the almost complete lack of wind in this area at this time exclude hail or other mundane weather phenomena as an explanation for the footage completely.

Appendix

Fig A.1. Distance between camera and nearest publicly available weather station at Sion Airport.

* Geographic coordinates are given as a vector of latitudes and longitudes in format WGS 84 as used by Google maps.

† The day of the capture was stated by the originator. The more precise point in time was then derived by analyzing the direction and lengths of the shadows. A simplified but sufficient description and calculator for shadow lengths can be found at planetcalc.com/1875.

 
 
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